Published in 2023 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 7, place de Fontenoy, 75007 Paris, France; and by Mila – Québec Artificial Intelligence Institute, 6666 Rue Saint-Urbain, QC H2S 3H1, Montréal, Canada. © UNESCO/Mila – Québec Institute of Artificial Intelligence, 2023 ISBN: 978-92-3-100579-4 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/).